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Diamond Mining Glossary Definitions (G-J)

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* Geochemical Survey

The mapping of geochemical characteristics of a rock.

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* Geology

The science concerned with the study of the Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the changes which it has undergone or is undergoing.

* Geophysics

The measurement of a rock's distinct physical properties such as magnetic susceptibility, conductivity and density using specialized measuring devices and computers.

* Geophysical Survey

The exploration of an area in which geophysical properties and relationships unique to the area are mapped by one or more geophysical methods. Geophysical techniques are helpful in diamond exploration because Kimberlites often have characteristic geophysical signatures that are unique or distinctive when compared to those of the surrounding rocks.

* Glacial Drift

Sediment that is either in transport in glaciers or deposited by glaciers.

* Gneiss

A coarseograined rock in which bands rich in granular materials alternate with bands of mainly metamorphic rock.

* Granite

A light colored, coarse-grained, igneous rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar, micas and other associated minerals.

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* Grade

In diamond exploration, the number of carats in a physical unit of ore, usually expressed in carats per ton.

* Gravity Survey

Measurements of the gravitational field at a series of different locations. The object of such a survey is to associate variations with differences in the distribution of densities and hence of rock types.

* Heavy Mineral

A mineral of sedimentary rock, of high specific gravity.

* Heavy Liquid Separation

Separation of ore particles by allowing them to settle through, or float above, a fluid of intermediate density

* Host Rock

A body of rock serving as host for other rocks or for mineral deposits.

* Hypabyssal

A general adjective applied to minor intrusions such as sills and dykes, and to the rocks that compose them. Hypabyssal rocks are those that have risen from the depths as magma but solidified mainly as minor intrusions such as dykes and sills before reaching the surface.

* Igneous Rocks

Formed by solidification of hot mobile material termed magma.

* Ilmenite

The principle ore of titanium. A kimberlite indicator mineral.

* Indicator Mineral Train

The area where kimberlite indicator minerals are concentrated is variously described as indicator mineral "train", "fan", "dispersion", or "anomaly". The "train" was created by glacial ice which carried surface material and dispersed over vast areas. Kimberlites are soft and tend to weather more readily than "older" country rocks. As a result, any kimberlite that lay in the path of a glacier was scoured out, incorporated into the glacial drift and dispersed across the landscape. Kimberlite indicator minerals were similarly dispersed through the same process.

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